Big-Data Modeling of Nonlinear Banking Fragility: Quantum Features, Machine Learning Validation, and Explainable Risk Signals

Main article

Roberto Hernández-Martínez
Facultad de Contaduría Pública y Administración, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, Mexico
María Elena González-Ramírez
Facultad de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78280, Mexico
Luis Fernando Sánchez-Vargas*
Facultad de Economía, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo, Estado de México 50000, Mexico
lfsanchezv@uaemex.mx

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63646/ADMP9926

Abstract

Banking fragility in emerging markets emerges from interactions among credit risk, market volatility, concentration, and macroeconomic shocks that conventional linear panel models struggle to capture. This study develops a big-data analytical pipeline that fuses functional features derived from Quantum Field Theory (QFT)—including a double-well stochastic potential indicator and a Faddeev-Popov constrained quantization correction—with supervised and unsupervised machine learning to detect nonlinear, regime-switching dynamics in the Mexican banking system. Drawing on an annual panel of eleven multiple-banking institutions covering 2014 to 2023, we engineer 14 micro-prudential, macro-financial, and quantum-inspired features. We then validate the quantum indicators against observed insolvency proxies via logistic regression, Random Forest classification with SHAP-based interpretation, principal-component clustering, and bootstrap resampling. The quantum fragility feature is positively and significantly associated with the lower-quartile Z-score state (coefficient = 2.66, p = 0.003) and yields measurable lifts in extreme-event sensitivity, particularly around the 2016 emerging-market shock and the 2020 pandemic. Random Forest importance and SHAP attribution rank non-performing loans, return on assets, the Lerner index, and the capitalization ratio as the dominant risk drivers, with the Faddeev-Popov correction contributing complementary signal in transition periods. The framework offers a reproducible, explainable big-data architecture for prudential supervision, early-warning systems, and research on financial fragility in emerging markets.

Article details